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POLITICAL,GOVERNMENTAL, AND LEGALVARIABLES
The political sector presents actual and potential restriction on the way an organization operates. Therefore, political, governmental and legal forces can represent key opportunities or threats for organizations.
Number, severity , and location of govermenmet protest
This year, the things seemed to go unlikely for the complaints of many contributors before the rise of the property evaluation, which uses as base for the predial tax. The untied polemic - with protests and included marches - made think to many people that in 2015 the precaution would be in vilo. Nevertheless, the balance assessment was very positive, according to the preliminary accounts of the Secretariat of Estate of Bogota.In agreement with the information, to the first cut of taxes of this year, the city returned to register a success in his collection of predial and of vehicles. In spite of the critiques, the people paid in the first term 2,4 $ trillions, in predial, and 356.000 $ million, in vehicles. (Dinero, 2015)
According to the Dane, the price of the new housing in the capital grew 9,4 % in 2014, one number that coincides with the increases with the rest of the country. The national average is in 9,4 %, in Barranquilla, 15,25 %; in Cali, 11,10 % and in Medellin, 7,91 %. Bogota is, as for increase of prices in the housing, inside the national standards. (Dinero, 2015), the way that this can concern our business of car wash is that a decrease can aver in the interest of paying for washing and car since the rise of taxes generates a stumble of income and our clients prefer doing it for his own , there is no relation between the prices of the housing and the reality of the city.
Impuestos, L. (2015). La exitosa estrategia de Bogotá en el recaudo de impuestos. [online] Dinero.com. Available at: http://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/regiones/articulo/las-claves-del-exito-bogota-recaudo-impuestos/210858 [Accessed 7 Jul. 2015].
prometida, T. (2015). Tierra prometida. [online] Dinero.com. Available at: http://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/pais/articulo/pago-impuestos-prediales-bogota/207670 [Accessed 17 Apr. 2015].
Legislation on equal employment
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I
Equality of wages:
Of conformity with the art. 10 of the Code of the Work, the beginning of equality of remuneration for work of equal value man-to-man and women he has to be respected and there can be no discrimination because of sex. The art. 53 of the Constitution of Colombia establishes that the workers must have the same opportunities for the work in all the aspects. Of conformity with the article 143 of the Code of the Work, there can be no type of wage discrimination depending on the age, sex, nationality, race, religion, political opinion or union activity.
Not to the discrimination:
Of conformity with the article 13 of the Constitution, there can be no discrimination for reasons of sex, race, national or familiar origin, language, religion, political opinion or philosophy. The acts of racism and discrimination for motives of race of a person, nationality, sex or sexual orientation it is punished by a sorrow from 12 to 36 months and one fines from 10 to 15 in force minimum wages. Someone on the basis of his race, religion, ideology, political, national, ethnic or cultural precedents or that damages a person due to his race, etnia, religion, nationality, political or philosophical opinion, sex or sexual orientation is capable of a sorrow of prison of 1 to 3 years and fines from 10 to 15 monthly minimum wages. Previous sentences will increase in 33 to 50 % if the previous behavior is orientated to deny or restrict labor laws. (Art. 134A-D of the Penal Code introduced by Law 1482 of November 30, 2011).
Equality of treatment(deal) of the women in the work:
The art. 242 of the Code of the Work it has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in 1997. Therefore, in conformity with the article 26 of the Constitution and the article 11 of the Code of the Work, the women can be employed at the occupation that they wish.Freedom of changing work and right to resignThe workers have right to change work after having fulfilled the due notification to his employer (Art. 62 of the Code of the Work). To obtain more information, please, consults the section on safety in the employment.They bury Working ConditionsWorking may steals be extend beyond normal working hours of forty-eight hours per week and eight hours to day. However, total hours of work inclusive of overtime must not exceed have hours to day.For dwells information on this, please refer to the section on compensation.Source: §161-168 of the Labour Code 1961, amended in 2013
Minimal age for the dangerous work:
The minimal age for the dangerous work Art establishes in 18 years. 117 of the Law 1098 of 2006 and art. 242 of the Code of the Work). The Code of Work prohibits the work of the 18-year-old minor children in the underground mining industry and industrial painting (article 242). The Resolution N º 01677 of 2008 provides a complete list of the activities identified as the worst forms of child labour inside 11 categories and occupational subcategories. These include the agriculture, the ranching ,the hunt and the forestry, the fishing, the mining industry and quarries, manufacturing industries, the construction, the transport and the storage, the services of health, and the defense; also there are included the activities of the informal sector, as the ambulant sale, the domestic service, and the compaction of garbage and recycling. Also the children's employment is prohibited in the conditions of work that can cause a risk for his health and safety These include the places of work with high temperatures with a constant or intermittent noise, places of work with exhibition to physical or biological risks, places with few ventilation, etc.
Tusalario.org, (2015). Discriminación en el Trabajo, Trato justo en el Trabajo, Igualdad de Salarios - Colombia - Tusalario.org/Colombia. [online] Available at: http://www.tusalario.org/colombia/Portada/ley-laboral/trato-justo [Accessed 24 Aug. 2015].
European- Colombian relationships
With a dynamic and opened economy and increasingly weigh in the region, Colombia is one of the principal partners of the EU in Latin America. The relations between the EU and Colombia are sustained in the economic cooperation and the cooperation for the development, which priorities son:paz, stability and development justice and human rights comerce and competitiveness.For the EU, Colombia is the most important fourth economic partner of the region, with a commercial volume of 11.884.000 Euros. The EU, for his part, is the most important second commercial partner of Colombia (Eeas.europa.eu, 2015), In the way in which it can benefit to our business is in the commercial relations of the products, in which they can be introduced inside our market and to future the creation of new technology to wash cars ecologically without water for the future import.
Eeas.europa.eu, (2015). Unión Europea - EEAS (Servicio Europeo de Acción Exterior) | Relaciones de la UE con República de Colombia. [online] Available at: http://eeas.europa.eu/colombia/index_es.htm [Accessed 24 Aug. 2015].
Local,state, and national elections
The president Juan Manuel Santos emphasized hereby the results of the economic growth presented by the DANE, affirming that Colombia is located as the first country of Latin America by better performance in the results of this indicator and what the positions Colombia as seventh in the world " growth of 4,6 % in 2014, the highest in Latin America and seventh in the world, He shows the economic solidity of Colombia " (Caracol, 2015) given to the finished elections , according to the means the president saints to in view of proved in this last year of his presidency, generating by means of his administration indicators more economic high places generating hereby more growth, this can give us results in our business economic growing.
Caracol, R. (2015). Crecimiento económico de 4,6 % demuestra solidez de Colombia: Santos. [online] Caracol Radio. Available at: http://caracol.com.co/radio/2015/03/17/nacional/1426599120_678020.html [Accessed 17 Mar. 2015].
Es.tradingeconomics.com, (2015). COLOMBIA - INDICADORES ECONÓMICOS. [online] Available at: http://es.tradingeconomics.com/colombia/indicators [Accessed 24 Aug. 2015].
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Voter participation rates
In Colombia History shows, since 1958, that the trend of the abstention has always been more than 50 percent. At the same time Colombia ranks first about abstention among the countries of the region. In the last elections only 13.2 million citizens of the near 33 million enabled went to the polls. It has been the higher abstetntion (60%) in the last 60 years.
El Tiempo, “Análisis: la tendencia en Colombia sigue siendo no salir a votar” (June 2014) Found at: http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/partidos-politicos/reeleccion-de-santos-los-datos-de-abstencionismo/14128378
El Tiempo, “60%: la abstención mas alta de las ultimas elecciones” (May 2014) Found at: http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/partidos-politicos/elecciones-2014-en-colombia-abstencion-llego-a-60-por-ciento/14035636
Public tableu, “Elecciones presidenciales en Colombia 1958-2014
Potencial electoral vs. Total sufragantes”, (June 2014) Found in: http://public.tableau.com/profile/gmet#!/vizhome/EleccionespresidencialesenColombia1958-2014/VizAbs
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Level of defense expenditures
Public spending on defense in Colombia rose by 75.0 million in 2014, i.e. a 0.85 %, to 9,821.7 million euros, which accounted for the 11.71 % of the total public expenditure. This number assumes that the public defense spending in 2014 reached 3.46 % of GDP, a rising 0.04 points as compared to 2013, it was the 3.42 % of the GDP.
Gasto militar (% del PIB), Colombia
Datos macro, “Colombia- Gasto público Defensa” Found at: http://www.datosmacro.com/estado/gasto/defensa/colombia
World Bank, “Gasto militar (% del PIB)” (2015) Found at: http://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS/countries/CO?display=graph
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Changes in tax laws
The taxes in Colombia have been experiencing an important increase during the last year. The rate of payroll tax is 39% for 2015 due to the high income tax (25%) and the Cree tax (9%) with the sucharge. This was stablished in the new tax reform in order to cover up the fiscal deficit in 2015.
This makes our country has one of the highest tax rates in Latin America, which turns it into an uncompetitive region. Additionally, the foreign investment could decrease due to the high corporate tax income, and therefore, the growing rate of the country could decrease.
KPMG. Reforma Tributaria, Resumen ejecutivo. Ley 1739, Diciembre 23 2014. https://www.kpmg.com/CO/es/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Resumen%20Ejecutivo_Reforma%20Tributaria.pdf
Number of patents
The graph shows the number of patents granted during the past 15 years in different regions of Colombia. The region with the highest number of patents through the last years was Bogotá.
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Government regulations or deregulations
There are several types of regulations for establishments and tools used, it must have several the conditions of cleanliness, to detect the Presence of sediment, scale, corrosion products, sludge, algae and other Circumstances that alter or impair the good Functioning of the installation will be reviewed. If a damaged component is detected the shall have a replacement or repair. Furthermore it exist some parameters which are listed in the table below they determine the frequency of reviews on the organization. This will regulate the mechanism we will use and also to regulate the cleanness of the tools we use every day. But it won’t regulate or review our place because we will not have one, our service will be offered as a delivery service.
Order 1180 of May 10, 2003, requires an environmental license, which is an authorization granted by the competent environmental authority for the execution of a project or activity which makes the requirements , terms, conditions and obligations established by it in relation to the prevention, mitigation, correction, compensation and management of environmental effects of an authorized activity. The competent environmental authorities to grant an environmental license are:
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The ministry of Environment, Housing and Development
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Regional autonomous corporations and sustainable development
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Environmental authorities created by Law 768 of 2002
While performing disinfection treatments must take preventions to risk situations between employees. Generally, for workers the provisions of the Law on Prevention of Occupational Risks, its implementing regulations as that the staff should have completed authorized courses to perform operations hygiene and health for the prevention and control maintenance, Order SCO 317/2003 of 7 February courses.
http://www.msssi.gob.es/ciudadanos/saludAmbLaboral/agenBiologicos/pdfs/12_leg.pdf
http://www.javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/ingenieria/tesis38.pdf
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Political action committees
DAMA (Departamento de administracion Medio Ambiental) It’s a political action committee which regulates the environmental activities in Bogotá. This committee regulates all the car-washes in the area; it checks that all the establishments accomplish all the environmental protection rules. Some of the several functions are:
1. Develop participatory environmental policy of the Capital District.
2. Leading and coordinating the Environmental System -SIAC- Capital District.
3. Exercise environmental authority in the Capital District, in compliance with the tasks set by the existing law, the competent authorities in the matter.
4. Formulate and guide policies, plans and programs for research, conservation, improvement, promotion, evaluation and sustainable use of natural resources and environmental services of the Capital District and recognized social and environmental territories.
http://www.ambientebogota.gov.co/web/sda/funciones
Environmental protection laws
Most regulations are directed to the treatment, recycling, waste and collection of water. There is for example the wash slurry storage which cannot be disposed of in the sewer system, road network industry, and shallow body of water, soil or subsoil. In our company will replace the use of waterinstead of some products which do the function of water, then we are not completely identified with such regulations. Eventhought companies must prove INVIMA, that they only use maximum 1L of water to wash 5 cars, in our case we will need a little bit of water, to lean up the cleaning clothes so we must use this quantity.
http://www.javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/ingenieria/tesis38.pdf
World oil, currency and labor markets
There are interesting parallels between the recent episode and the collapse in oil prices in 1985-86 after a increase in oil prices in the 1970s, technological developments made possible to reduce the intensity of oil consumption and to extract oil from various offshore fields, including the North Sea and Alaska. After Saudi Arabia changed policy in 1985 to increase its market share, the price of oil declined by 61%, from $24.68 to $9.62 per barrel between January-July 1986 and this low oil prices prevailed for more than fifteen years.
About geopolitical concerns about supply disruptions. In the second half of 2014, it became apparent that supply disruptions from conflict in the Middle East had unwound, or did not materialize as expected. In Libya, despite the internal conflict, production recovered by 0.5 million barrels per day (about ½ percent of global production) in the third quarter of 2014. In Iraq, as the advance of ISIS stalled, it became apparent that oil output could be maintained. In addition, the sanctions and counter-sanctions imposed after June 2014 as a result of the conflict in Ukraine have had little effect on oil and natural gas markets this far.
About currency , the U.S. dollar appreciated by 10% against major currencies in trade-weighted nominal terms. The high estimates suggest that a 10% of appreciation is associated with a decline of about 10% in the oil price, whereas the low estimates suggest 3%.
Although the exact factors cannot be quantified with precision, it is clear that the dominant factor in the price fall, has been changes in supply conditions, stemming from the expansion of oil output in the United States, receding concerns on supply disruptions, and OPEC’s switch to a policy of maintaining market share.
http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/GEP/GEP2015a/pdfs/GEP2015a_chapter4_report_oil.pdf
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Government fiscal and monetary policy changes
Monetary policy in Colombia is governed by an inflation targeting, which aims to maintain a low and stable rate of inflation, and achieve output growth in line with the potential capacity of the economy. This means that the objectives of monetary policy combine the goal of price stability with maximum sustainable growth in output and employment. While inflation targets are credible, these objectives are compatible. Thus, monetary policy complies with the mandate of the Constitution and contributes to improving the welfare of the population.
http://www.banrep.gov.co/es/politica-monetaria
Russian-American Relationships:
Political and economic relations between the United States and Russia are almost equally complicated than during the cold war. Vladimir Putin assures that both European countries as USA are creating policies to curb their economic development, all this through economic sanctions and travel restrictions; also Russia was excluded of g-8. It is said that Russia is becoming an expansionist threat since its boom and military power it is promoting separatist groups in Ukraine, and the Western countries feel threatened by its great potential and nuclear weapons and constant military tests that violate the sovereignty of some countries even by testing NATO's security systems.
This constant tensions can affect our business as both the economic sanctions imposed on Russia as increases in both countries-oil exploration generated changes in the prices of gasoline and it can make that more people buy cars and we have more customers (if the price of oil is low), or lose customers because people stop using own vehicles to be transported by the high price of oil.
CNN MEXICO, “La relación entre EU y Rusia, de fría a helada” (December 2014) Found at:http://mexico.cnn.com/mundo/2014/12/20/la-relacion-entre-eu-y-rusia-de-fria-a-helada
Political Conditions in foreign countries:
As the majority of immigrants in Colombia are Venezuelans, and would be a centerpiece among our customers it is important to know how the political situation in Venezuela. With Nicolas Maduro as successor to Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela, the political situation in this country has been confronted almost with a totalitarianism where the opposition is repressed as in the case of Leopoldo López it is imprisoned, the candidates of the opposition for the following votes were already disabled and are encouraged to not be in any public office. Mature also ensures that if the opposition wins will there be very serious consequences.
On the other hand, the social and economic situations in Venezuela also are in terrible conditions, resulting in many people to migrate to Colombia. Political relations between the two countries are also constantly affected, where he has been said since Venezuela preserves and protects up to FARC guerrillas, to say that Colombian paramilitary groups are traveling to Venezuela and are affecting the security and the economy in this country, by what Nicolas Maduro Hill borders and is beginning to take sharply to Colombians.
CNN Español, “Venezuela: políticas tóxicas llevan al país al borde del colapso económico” (August 2015) Found at: http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2015/08/10/venezuela-politicas-toxicas-llevan-al-pais-al-borde-del-colapso-economico/
Import – Export regulations
An import is a good or service brought into one country from another. An export is A function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade.
PASOS PARA IMPORTAR EN COLOMBIA
1. Ubicación de la subpartida arancelaria:Usted tiene dos opciones:1) Consultando directamente el arancel de aduanas.
2. Estudio de mercado
3. Identificación del producto
4. Tramite ante El Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo: en caso de requerirse Registro de Importación
5. Procedimiento cambiario en las importaciones
6. Otros trámites
7. Proceso de nacionalización
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA EXPORTAR
1. Registro como exportador
2. Estudio de mercado y localización de la demanda potencial:Para esto Usted cuenta con herramientas como el Sistema de Inteligencia de Mercados de la página Web: www.proexport.com.co.
3. Ubicación de la subpartida arancelaria
4. Procedimiento ante el Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo
5. Procedimientos de vistos buenos
6. Procedimientos aduaneros para despacho ante la DIAN
7. Medios de pago
8. Procedimientos cambiarios (reintegro de divisas)
http://encolombia.com/economia/economiacolombiana/tramitedeexpo/#sthash.SaqkiWHs.dpufhttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp#ixzz3jsym3sQ5 http://encolombia.com/economia/economiacolombiana/tramitedeimpo/#sthash.7KdXdybi.dpuf
Antitrust Legislation
The antitrust laws apply to virtually all industries and to every level of business, including manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and marketing. They prohibit a variety of practices that restrain trade.
El proyecto de antimonopolios busca que el proveedor que posee una cuota de mercado superior al 30 por ciento tiene un plazo de dos años para reducir esa porción. De lo contrario, sería dividido en pequeñas empresas, verse obligado a vender activos o renunciar a espectro radioeléctrico.
Antitrust is very important in the service industry because according to the project, to distribute the proportion of demand to each company of telecommunications trade, so all of them could have a market share of the same size.
http://www.portafolio.co/economia/proyecto-ley-antimonopolio-colombia
Changes in patent laws
The patent is a privilege granted by the State to the inventor in recognition of investment and efforts to achieve this technical solution that will bring benefits to mankind. This privilege is the right to exclusively exploit the invention for a specified time .
La legislación vigente en materia de patentes está contenida en la Decisión 486 de 2000 de la Comisión de la Comunidad Andina, norma aplicable a todos los países miembros de la Comunidad Andina. Igualmente esta Decisión tiene su reglamentación en los decretos reglamentarios, y adicionalmente, la SIC expide la Circular Única que contiene el conjunto de directrices que guían a los usuarios acerca de la manera cómo se deben adelantar los trámites de propiedad industrial. Estas normas pueden ser consultadas en la sección de normativa de la página web de la SIC.
Special tarrifs
They are lowest rates in coming through an agreement between two countries to build on and complement their economies through exchange of products.
The 80 percent of U.S. exports of consumer and industrial products to Colombia will become duty free immediately, with remaining tariffs phased out over 10 years. With average tariffs on U.S. industrial exports ranging from 7.4 to 14.6 percent, this will substantially increase U.S. exports.
Many industries may be affected by the dutty free. This would affect us directly if in the exports, U.S bring tools at a lower price and that generate competition.
http://export.gov/Colombia/doingbusinessincolombia/traderegulationsstandards/index.asp